What is civil engineering and its forms?

What is Civil Engineering?

Civil society was a new concept for the people to accept in the existence of reforming the world. Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human  existence.

Civil construction basically reforms the society as it helps in building the asthetics of the world whether includes constructing and designing of buildings,roads,high rise  structures,industries,factories,treatment plants and it contains a lot. 

Being a civil engineer is good professional aspect and learning the art of civil engineering is the sustainable source for rebuilding the design and craft of the structures around the globe and adding values in reforming the world structures in terms of design and construction. 

we cant believe that earliest art practice of civil engineering came in existence in between 4000-2000 BC in ancient Egypt,abondoning nomadic living,which created a need for the construction of shelter and living resources.

Civil Engineering is the special branch and broadest of the engineering fields. Civil engineering is the only type which kingpins the  infrastructure of the world which includes; Highways,Bridges,Tunnels,IrrigationCanals,RiverNavigation,Waterworks,Sewers,Dams,PowerPlants,TransmissionTowers/Line,Railroads,ShippingCanals,TrafficControl,MassTransit,AirportRunways,Terminals,IndustrialPlantBuildings,Skyscrapers,etc.

Civil engineering works towards humanity by building and maintaining the world.

Civil Engineering has a great scope and it is considered as the most thoughest form of engineering in the practical existence of building structures of all forms.

Civil Engineering deals with:

• Design

• Construction

• Maintenance

FORMS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING:

There are a number of forms within the broad field of civil engineering which are:

• Construction engineering.

• Structural engineering.

• Surveying.

• Transportation engineering.

• Municipal or urban engineering.

• Environmental engineering.

• Geo-technical engineering.

• Materials science engineering.

• Water resources engineering.

• Coastal engineering.

• Earthquake engineering.

 

Construction engineering- is the engineering that deals with the design,construction and management.It includes managing of the resources,planning and designing of the work.

Structural engineering- is the engineering that deals with the framework of the structures in designing and implementing phase which tends in maintaining the stability and withstands all the stresses or pressures. 

Surveying- is an artistic professional engineering that deals with analyzing and recording the features of land characteristics with which a plan or map is designed for construction.

Transportation engineering- is the engineering that deals with the planning,operation,execution and maintenance of eco friendly transportation systems (roads,waterways,railways). 

It has two sub types:

Traffic engineering is a branch of transport engineering focussing on the infrastructure required for transportation. 

Highway engineering deals with major roadways and transportation systems associated with automobiles.It usually involves the construction and design of highways.

Municipal or urban engineering- is the engineering that deals with municipal infrastructure (designing and maintaining of street,water supply networks,sewer,street lighting,public parks and municipal solid waste management) and in urban environment.

Environmental engineering- is the engineering that deals in improving waste disposal,public health,recycling of natural resources,water and air pollution control. This field has provided solutions for improvement and protection of environmental problems of any nature.

Geo-technical engineering- is the engineering that deals with the engineering behaviour of the earth and its contents.It is of great importance for mining activities on the surface or underground,as well as for mining,coastal,drilling and other disciplines. 

Materials science engineering- is the engineering that deals with solving the problems based on physics and chemistry principles that are interlinked with biotechnology,information-technology,nanotechnology and energy maufacturing process.It studies the basic fundamental properties of metals such as aluminium,steel and thermosetting polymer.

Water resource engineering- is the engineering that deals with prediction,planning,development and management of water (as a natural resource).

It has two sub types:

Groundwater engineering involves the analysis,monitoring and often modeling of the groundwater source that can be used for recharge of reserviors and irrigation.

Hydraulic engineering is related to the flow and convection of fluids,mainly water.It is concerned with the design of pipelines,water-supply networks,drainage facilities (including bridges,dams,levees,channels,culverts,storm sewers) and canals. 

Coastal engineering- is the engineering that deals with the study of ongoing processes on shorelines and construction within the coastal zone,is often directed at combacting erosion of coasts and mostly for providing navigational access.

Earthquake engineering- is the engineering that deals with the behaviour of structures subjected to seismic loading.It provides the structures that are more resistant to earthquakes and adds to durability of the structures.