The flyover is the
elevated passage that provides faster and safer access to the destination.
Flyover plays an
important role in the city.The Benefits of Flyover are:
• It plays a major role in
streamlining the traffic control system.
• A lot of time congestion is avoided through this flyover.
• It will significantly reduce travel time and noise, air, and other
environmental pollution in the area.
• It will help the business community to grow its business.
• It will increase pedestrian safety, reduce the risk of accidents as proper
pedestrian crossings will be developed and other signage will be
installed.
• This flyover also contributes greatly to the aesthetics of the city. Those
traveling on the flyover can enjoy a panoramic view of the city.
COMPONENTS OF FLYOVER:
Typical Flyover consists
of following components which has its own importance in construction of Flyover
design that are:
- FOOTING (Foundation)
- ABUTMENT
- PIER
- PIER CAP
- ELASTOMER BEARINGS
- WEARING SURFACE
- CONCRETE DECK SLAB
- BARRIERS.
- R.C.C GIRDERS (Box).
- SEISMIC RESTRAINER.
LOADING:
Assessment of the design loads for a
structure consists of identifying the forces due to both natural and designer-made
effects, which the structure must withstand, and then assigning suitable values
to them. Frequently, several different forms of loading, acting
either singly or in combination, although
in some cases the most unfavourable situation
can be easily identifiable.
(A) Loads acting on Flyover:
Different types of loads acts on the Flyover Structure,
which are stated below:
· Live Load.
· Dead Load.
· Earthquake Load
(seismic).
· Earth Pressure.
(B) Load Combination:
It consists of following load cases to be considered for
analysis: z
· Normal condition.
· Normal + seismic
in longitudinal direction.
· Normal + seismic
in transverse direction.
(C) Horizontal Force and its application:
- Braking force in the
longitudinal direction is considered to act at bearing level.
- Frictional force is considered
in longitudinal direction acting at bearing level.
- Seismic force parameters (as
per analysis) is considered as given below:
- Zone factor for Zone- IV, Z =
0.24
- Seismic forces due to the
various components of the Flyover are considered to act at the C.G of each
component.
- In case of seismic force in the longitudinal direction,
100% of the seismic force from the superstructure of any span is
considered to act on the pier with the fixed bearing and in case of
seismic force in the transverse direction, the total force is
considered to be shared equally by all the supporting piers.
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