Compaction and consolidation are two different processes that cause soil volume reduction. These two processes are completely different. The main differences between soil compaction and consolidation process are given below:
Compaction
1. Compaction is a process where a mechanical pressure is taken into consideration to compress the soil mass for the purpose of soil improvement.
2. Soil compaction is mainly done for sandy soils.
3. Compaction is intentionally done to produce a higher unit weight of the soil and results in an improvement in other soil properties.
4. Dynamic loads are applied by rapid mechanical methods such as tamping, rolling, and vibration to a small interval in soil compaction.
5. In the compaction process, the volume of soil is reduced by removing air void from saturated and dry soil.
Consolidation
1. Consolidation is a process where static and steady pressure causes compression of saturated soil.
2. Soil consolidation is mainly done for clay soils.
3. Consolidation is a natural process where the soil beneath the building and other structure is carried by the load transferred to the soil through the provided foundation system.
4. Static and continuous loading are applied for long intervals in soil consolidation.
5. In the consolidation process, the amount of soil is reduced by squeezing the pore water from the saturated soil.
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