Concrete is most important building constituent.Concrete is treated as a chemical combination of  mass where filler acts as the inert material and binder as the binding material. The most important binding materials used are cement and lime. Inert materials used in concrete are called aggregates. Most common aggregates used are sand, brick chips, stone chips, gravel, shells, etc.Concrete plays a very important role in all branches of civil engineering. 



Advantages of concrete:

• Concrete materials or ingredients  are readily available in most places.

• Unlike natural stones, concrete is free of defects and impurities.

• Concrete is  manufactured to a desired strength with economy.

• The durability of concrete is higher.

• It can be casted  in any desired shape and size.

• Concrete casting can be done in the work site which makes it economical.

• Maintenance cost of concrete is almost negligible.

• The deterioration of concrete is not appreciable with age or time.

• Concrete makes a building safe from fire due to its noncombustible nature.

• Concrete can withstand high temperatures.

• Concrete is resistant to wind and water. Therefore, it is very useful in storm shelters.

• Cinder concrete can be used as a soundproofing material. 

Disadvantages of concrete:

• As Compared to other binding materials, the tensile strength of concrete is relatively low.

• Concrete is less ductile in nature.

• The weight is high as compared to its strength.

• Efflorescence is caused by Soluble salts that indicates concrete may contain soluble salts.







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