Mostly, many civil engineers ask me about the book to study for competitive exams. So I recommend to them the  Civil Engineering book named below. This book covers all the topics and will be a user guide for your exams after completing civil engineering:- (4500+ objective questions with hints). 

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Conventional and Objective Type by R.S Khurmi  (Author), J.K Gupta (Author)


Why hooks are provided in stirrups?

Reasons:-

1.To prevent from buckling of column.

2.The most requirement for safety against bond failure is it provides a sufficient extension of the length of the bar beyond the purpose where the steel is required to develop its yield stress and this length must be a minimum of adequate to its development length. However, if the available actual length is insufficient for full development, special anchorages must be provided, like cogs or hooks or mechanical end plates.


3. Hooks are provided  to resist seismic movement.

4. To prevent concrete from splitting outward.

5. It prevents slippage of steel from the concrete.

6. To stay longitudinal steel bars in position and hold steel tightly.


General picture of Hook:















Differences between:

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